Get to Know Norovirus – A Winter Season Outbreak

Norovirus is a virus that causes inflammation of the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. It spreads easily and rapidly—even a very small amount of the virus can cause infection. What makes Norovirus particularly concerning is that it is resistant to heat and many disinfectants.

When food or drinking water becomes contaminated, those who consume it may develop diarrhea, vomiting, and other related symptoms. Because of its short incubation period of just 12–48 hours and its ability to survive in the environment, the virus can spread very quickly. Outbreaks are often seen in cold weather, affecting both children and adults.

Common Symptoms (within 24–48 hours of infection):

• Watery diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Fever and body aches
• Severe fatigue (in some cases, rapid weak pulse and low blood pressure may occur due to heavy fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting)

Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis is made by testing stool samples in the laboratory. Treatment focuses mainly on relieving symptoms. In most cases, especially in children with good immunity, recovery occurs within 2–3 days.

If dehydration occurs, it can be managed with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or intravenous fluids in more serious cases. Soft foods, anti-nausea medications, and pain relievers may also help.
⚠️ For children with weak immunity, or those experiencing severe and continuous diarrhea, immediate hospitalization is required to prevent shock, dangerously low blood pressure, or even death.

How Norovirus Spreads
Norovirus can spread very easily from person to person, especially through:

• Eating or drinking contaminated food and beverages (commonly found in drinking water, ice, raw vegetables, fruits, oysters, and other seafood)
• Touching contaminated objects and then putting hands in the mouth
• Direct contact with infected individuals

Prevention Tips:

1. Wash hands thoroughly before meals and after using the toilet.
2. Use soap and running water for at least 15 seconds each time.
3. Drink clean water and choose freshly cooked, hygienic food.
4. Avoid preparing food for others if you’re sick.
5. Always use serving spoons when sharing meals.

💡 Especially for children: Encourage frequent handwashing and make sure they eat only clean, well-cooked food.